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Abstract Our ability to forecast the spatial and temporal patterns of ecological processes at continental scales has drastically improved over the past decade. Yet, predicting ecological patterns at broad scales while capturing fine-scale processes is a central challenge of ecological forecasting given the inherent tension between grain and extent, whereby enhancing one often diminishes the other. We leveraged 10 years of terrestrial and atmospheric data (2012–2021) to develop a high-resolution (2.9 × 2.9 km), radar-driven bird migration forecast model for a highly active region of the Mississippi flyway. Based on the suite of candidate models we examined, adding terrestrial predictors improved model performance only marginally, whereas spatially distant atmospheric predictors, particularly air temperature and wind speed from focal and distant regions, were major contributors to our top model, explaining 56% of variation in regional migration activity. Among terrestrial predictors, which ranked considerably lower than atmospheric predictors in terms of variable importance, vegetation phenology, artificial light at night, and percent of forest cover were the most important predictors. Furthermore, we scale this model to demonstrate the capacity to generate real-time, high-resolution forecasts for the continental United States that explained up to 65% of national variation. Our study demonstrates an approach for increasing the resolution of migration forecasts, which could facilitate the integration of radar with other data sources and inform dynamic conservation efforts at a local scale that is more relevant to threats, such as anthropogenic light at night. 

Light pollution is a global threat to biodiversity, especially migratory organisms, some of which traverse hemispheric scales. Research on light pollution has grown significantly over the past decades, but our review of migratory organisms demonstrates gaps in our understanding, particularly beyond migratory birds. Research across spatial scales reveals the multifaceted effects of artificial light on migratory species, ranging from local and regional to macroscale impacts. These threats extend beyond species that are active at night – broadening the scope of this threat. Emerging tools for measuring light pollution and its impacts, as well as ecological forecasting techniques, present new pathways for conservation, including transdisciplinary approaches.